List of Houses
Copyright © V. Rozn 1999-2009
Comments and questions can be mailed to
the author
Last updated: Jan 21, 2009
Anhalt
The House of Anhalt descended from the ancient
immediate Counts of Ballenstedt [10: Neue Folge; Band I.2; t. 182-194] [12:
1839; p.3-5] [13: tome II;
p.24-27] [4: tome III;
p.309-312].
In 1112, Emperor Henry V banned Lothar of
Supplinburg, Duke of Saxony, and appointed Otto "the Rich"(+1123), Count of
Ballenstedt, in his stead; but in the same year, Otto came into a dispute with
the Emperor and was stripped of his title of Duke of Saxony. Otto conquered the
areas around Zerbst and Salzwedel from the Slavs.
German King Conrad III deprived Heinrich "the
Proud" of his Duchy of Saxony, and in 1138 awarded it to Otto's son Albrecht
"the Bear" (+1170), Count of Ballenstedt. After some initial success in his
efforts to take possession, Albrecht was driven from Saxony by Heinrich. In
1142, peace was made with Heinrich "the Proud,” and Albrecht "the Bear"
renounced the Duchy of Saxony and received Weimar and Orlamünde.
In the wake of the Wendish Crusade of 1147,
German King Lothar granted the Northern March to Albrecht "the Bear" who
extended it and founded the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1157
In 1156, Albrecht "the Bear" (+1170) acquired
Aschersleben / Ascania.
Otto, Hermann and Bernhard, the sons of Albrecht
"the Bear," founded, respectively, the branches of Brandenburg, Orlamünde,
and Anhalt (N.1).
In 1180, Emperor Friedrich I outlawed Heinrich
"the Lion,” and bestowed his title of Duke of Saxony to Bernhard (+1212),
the founder of the House of Anhalt.
Heinrich I (+1252), a son of Duke Bernhard
(+1212), inherited Anhalt and Aschersleben / Ascania, continued the branch of
Anhalt; his brother Albrecht I (+1260) received the Duchy of Saxony
(N.2).
Heinrich II, Bernhard I and Siegfried, the sons
of Heinrich I, partitioned their patrimony and founded, respectively, the
branches of Aschersleben, Bernburg, and Zerbst (N.3).
In 1396, the branch of Zerbst divided into
several sub-branches.
In 1570, Prince Joachim-Ernst (+1586) united the
whole of Anhalt under his rule.
After the death of Prince Joachim-Ernst, his sons
ruled Anhalt in common until 1603, when they divided their patrimony, founding
the branches of Dessau, Bernburg, Plötzkau, Zerbst and
Köthen.
The branch of Köthen became extinct in 1665,
and its possessions passed to the branch of Plötzkau, which became known as
Anhalt-Köthen.
Notes:
1. The branch of Otto (+1184) ruled in
Margraviate of Brandenburg until its extinction in 1320. The branch of Hermann
(+1176) ruled in Orlamünde, Droyssig, Weimar, Rudolstadt, Lauenstein, etc.
and became extinct in 1486.
2. Johann (+1285) and Albrecht II (+1298), the
sons of Duke Albrecht I of Saxony, divided their father's possessions and
founded, respectively, the branches of the Dukes of Saxony-Lauenburg and
Saxony-Wittenberg.
The branch of Saxony-Wittenberg became extinct in
1422, and its possessions passed to the Landgrave of Thuringia from the House of
Wettin.
The branch of Saxony-Lauenburg became extinct in
1689, and its possessions passed to the Dukes of
Brunswick-Hanover.
3. The branch of Aschersleben became extinct in
1315, and its possessions passed to the Bishopric of Halberstadt. The branch of
Bernburg became extinct in 1468, and its possessions passed to the Zerbst
branch.
1. Dessau -1918];
Prince Johann-Georg (+1618), a son of
Joachim-Ernst (+1586), founded the branch of Dessau.
In 1689, after the extinction of the Dukes
of Saxony-Lauenburg, the Princes of Anhalt advanced claims to their possessions
and assumed the title of Duke of Saxony, Angaria &
Westphalia.
In Aug 1806, with the abolition of the
Holy Roman Empire, the Prince of Anhalt-Dessau became a sovereign
ruler.
In 1807, the Prince of Anhalt-Dessau joined the
Confederation of the Rhine and received the title of Duke of Anhalt [13:
tome II; p.80].
In 1815, the Duke of Anhalt-Dessau joined the
German Confederation.
In 1863, the Duke of Anhalt-Dessau united the
whole of Anhalt under his rule.
In 1867, the Duke of Anhalt joined the North
German Confederation.
In 1871, the Duke of Anhalt joined the
German Empire.
In the course of the
November Revolution of 1918, the Duke of Anhalt
was deposed.
List of the Rulers
Leopold III Friedrich-Franz (1740-1817) [1751-1817]
Leopold IV (1794-1871) [1817-1871]
Friedrich I (1831-1904) [1871-1904]
Friedrich II (1856-Apr 1918) [1904-1918]
Eduard (1861-Sep 1918) [April 1918-Sept 1918]
Joachim-Ernst (1901-1947) [Sept.1918-Nov.1918]
Titles [13: tome II;
p.29].
>-1807
Prince of Anhalt;
Duke of Saxony, Angaria,
Westphalia;
Count of Ascania;
Lord of Bernburg, Zerbst,
Gröbzig;
1807-1918
Duke of Anhalt;
Duke of Saxony, Angaria, Westphalia;
Count of Ascania;
Lord of Bernburg, Zerbst,
Gröbzig;
Voices in the Imperial Circle assemblies in
1789 [2: p.13]
The Upper Saxony:
- % Anhalt;
The Imperial Assembly in 1789 [2:
p.4]
Individual in the Council of
Princes:
- % Anhalt;
Territorial Possessions in 1789 [2: p.43]
[11: Heft II; p.96-97]
The Imperial Circle of the Upper
Saxony:
- % Anhalt;
2. Bernburg [12: 1839;
p.7].
Prince Christian (+1630), a son of Joachim-Ernst
(+1586), founded the branch of Bernburg.
In 1689, after the extinction of the Dukes
of Saxony-Lauenburg, the Princes of Anhalt advanced claims to their possessions
and assumed the title of Duke of Saxony, Angaria &
Westphalia.
Karl-Friedrich (+1721) and Lebrecht (+1727), the
sons of Prince Viktor-Amadeus of Anhalt-Bernburg (+1718), founded the branches
of Bernburg and Schaumburg-Hoym.
2.1. Bernburg
+1863
Prince Karl-Friedrich (+1721) continued the
direct branch of Bernburg.
In Apr 1806, the Roman Emperor granted
Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg the title of Duke of Anhalt [8: Band 1;
p.24].
In Aug 1806, with the abolition of the
Holy Roman Empire, the Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg became a sovereign
ruler.
In 1807, the Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg joined the
Confederation of the Rhine.
In 1815, the Duke of Anhalt-Bernburg joined the
German Confederation.
In 1863, the Bernburg branch of the House
of Anhalt became extinct in the male line.
List of the Rulers
Friedrich-Albrecht (1735-1796) [1765-1796]
Alexuis-Friedrich-Christian (1767-1834)
[1796-1834]
Alexander-Karl (1805-1863) [1834-1863]
Titles [13: tome II;
p.29].
>-1806
Prince of Anhalt;
Duke of Saxony, Angaria,
Westphalia;
Count of Ascania;
Lord of Bernburg, Zerbst;
1806-1863
Duke of Anhalt;
Duke of Saxony, Angaria, Westphalia;
Count of Ascania;
Lord of Bernburg, Zerbst;
Voices in the Imperial Circle assemblies in
1789 [2: p.13]
The Upper Saxony:
- % Anhalt;
- Gernrode;
The Imperial Assembly in 1789 [2:
p.4]
Individual voices in the Council of
Princes:
- % Anhalt;
Curial voices in the Council of
Princes:
= the Pretates of the Rhine =
- Gernrode;
Territorial Possessions in 1789 [2: p.43]
[11: Heft II; p.96-97]
The Imperial Circle of the Upper
Saxony:
- % Anhalt;
- Gernrode;
2.2. Schaumburg-Hoym
-1806];+1812 [12: 1839; p.8-9].
Lebrecht (+1727), a son of Prince Viktor-Amadeus
of Anhalt-Bernburg (+1718), and the founder of the branch of Schaumburg-Hoym,
received Zeitz and Hoym as appanage under the Territorial Supremacy of
Anhalt-Bernburg.
Lebrecht married Charlotte of Nassau-Dillenburg
(+1700), the heir to the Imperial immediate County of Holzappel that was
represented in the College of the Counts of Westphalia of the Imperial
Diet.
Their son Viktor-Amadeus (+1772), inherited both
Holzappel and his father's appanage possessions [13: tome II;
p.65].
In July 1806, the Prince of
Anhalt-Schaumburg-Hoym lost his status of Imperial immediate ruler when
all of his possessions were mediatized by the Confederation of the Rhine
Act.
In 1812, the Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
branch of the House of Anhalt became extinct in the male
line.
List of the Rulers
Karl-Ludwig (1723-20 Aug 1806) [1772-1806]
Titles
>-1806
Prince of Anhalt;
Duke of Saxony, Angaria,
Westphalia;
Count of Ascania, Holzappel;
Lord of Bernburg, Zerbst, Schaumburg,
Laurenburg;
Voices in the Imperial Circle assemblies in
1789 [2: p.14]
The Lower
Rhine-Westphalia:
- Holzappel;
The Imperial Assembly in 1789 [2:
p.9]
Curial voices in the Council of Princes:
= the Counts of Westphalia
=
- Holzappel;
Territorial Possessions in 1789 [2: p.43]
[11: Heft II; p.98]
The Imperial Circle of the Lower
Rhine-Westphalia:
- Holzappel / Holzapfel;
Outside Imperial Circles:
- Schaumburg an der Lahn;
Non-immediate:
The Imperial Circle of the Upper
Saxony:
= under the
Territorial Supremacy of
Anhalt-Bernburg
=
-
Hoym;
- Zeitz;
3. Köthen
+1847 [12: 1839; p.10].
Prince August (+1630), a son of Joachim-Ernst
(+1586), founded the branch that ruled in Plötzkau, and then in
Köthen.
In 1689, after the extinction of the Dukes
of Saxony-Lauenburg, the Princes of Anhalt advanced claims to their possessions
and assumed the title of Duke of Saxony, Angaria &
Westphalia.
Karl-Georg-Lebrecht (+1789) and
Friedrich-Erdmann (+1797), the sons of Prince August-Ludwig of
Anhalt-Köthen (+1755), founded, respectively, the direct Köthen and
Pless branches.
3.1. Köthen
+1818
Karl-Georg-Lebrecht (+1789), a son of
Prince August-Ludwig of Anhalt-Köthen (+1755), continued the direct
Köthen branch.
In Aug 1806, with the abolition of the
Holy Roman Empire, the Prince of Anhalt-Köthen became a sovereign
ruler.
In 1807, the Prince of Anhalt-Köthen
joined the Confederation of the Rhine and received the title of Duke of
Anhalt [13: tome II; p.83].
In 1815, the Duke of Anhalt-Köthen joined
the German Confederation.
In 1818, the direct Köthen branch
became extinct in the male line, and the Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen
passed to the Pless branch.
List of the Rulers
Karl-Georg-Lebrecht (1730- Oct 1789)
[1755-1789]
August-Christian-Friedrich (1769-1812)
[1789-1812]
Ludwig-August-Karl-Friedrich-Emil (1802-1818)
[1812-1818]
// 1812-1817 minor.
Titles [13: tome II;
p.29].
>-1806
Prince of Anhalt;
Duke of Saxony, Angaria,
Westphalia;
Count of Ascania;
Lord of Bernburg, Zerbst;
1806-1818
Duke of Anhalt;
Duke of Saxony, Angaria, Westphalia;
Count of Ascania;
Lord of Bernburg, Zerbst;
Voices in the Imperial Circle assemblies in
1789 [2: p.13]
The Upper Saxony:
- % Anhalt;
The Imperial Assembly in 1789 [2:
p.4]
Individual voices in the Council of
Princes:
- % Anhalt;
Territorial Possessions in 1789 [2: p.43]
[11: Heft II; p.96-97]
The Imperial Circle of the Upper
Saxony:
- % Anhalt;
3.2. Pless
+1847 [12: 1839; p.10].
Friedrich-Erdmann
(+1797), the youngest son of Prince August-Ludwig of
Anhalt-Köthen (+1755), founded the branch that
possessed the
non-immediate "State Lordship" / Standesherrschaf of
Pszczyna / Pless
in Silesia.
In 1818,
Friedrich-Ferdinand (+1830), Lord of Pless, a son of Friedrich-Erdmann,
succeeded in the Duchy of
Anhalt-Köthen after the
extinction of the direct Köthen branch
In
1847, the
Köthen-Pless branch of the
House of Anhalt became extinct in the male line with
the death of Prince Heinrich; the Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen passed to the
Dessau branch, Pless passed to the Counts of Hochberg.
List of the Rulers
Friedrich-Ferdinand (1769-1830) [1818-1830]
// in Pless 1797-1818
Heinrich (1778-1847) [1830-1847]
// in Pless 1818-1830;
1841-
Titles [13: tome II;
p.29].
1818-1847
Duke of Anhalt;
Duke of Saxony, Angaria, Westphalia;
Count of Ascania;
Lord of Bernburg, Zerbst;
Territorial Possessions in 1789
Non-immediate:
Outside Imperial Circles:
= under the
Territorial Supremacy of Silesia (Prussian)
=
-
Pszczyna /
Pless;
4. Zerbst +1793
[12: 1839; p.12-13].
Prince Rudolf (+1621), a son of Joachim-Ernst
(+1586), founded the branch of Bernburg.
In 1667, Prince Johann (+1667) inherited the
Imperial immediate Lordship of Jever.
In 1689, after the extinction of the Dukes
of Saxony-Lauenburg, the Princes of Anhalt advanced claims to their possessions
and assumed the title of Duke of Saxony, Angaria &
Westphalia.
In 1793, with the death of Prince
Friedrich-August the Zerbst branch became extinct in the male line, and
its possessions in Anhalt passed to the Princes of Anhalt-Bernburg, of
Anhalt-Köthen and of Anhalt-Dessau, the Lordship of Jever passed to his
sister Sophie-Auguste-Friederike (+1796) who in 1762 became Empress of Russia as
Catherine II. In 1796, after the death of Empress Catherine II, Jever passed to
her son Emperor Paul I of Russia.
List of the Rulers
Friedrich-August (1734-1793) [1747-1793]
// 1747-1793 in Anhalt & Jever;
~ Friederika-Augusta-Sophia of Anhalt-Bernburg
(1744-1827), in 1793-1807 Administrator of Jever
Sophie-Charlotte-Dorothea (1729-1796) [1793-1796]
// 1793-1796 in Jever; 1762-1796 Empress of
Russia as Catherine II
~ 1745 Peter (1728-1762), Emperor of Russia
(Peter III), Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Titles [13: tome II;
p.29].
>-1793
Prince of Anhalt;
Duke of Saxony, Angaria,
Westphalia;
Count of Ascania;
Lord of Bernburg, Zerbst, Jever,
Knyphausen;
Voices in the Imperial Circle assemblies in
1789 [2: p.13]
The Upper Saxony:
- % Anhalt;
The Imperial Assembly in 1789 [2: p.4,
43]
Individual voices in the Council of
Princes:
- % Anhalt;
Territorial Possessions in 1789 [2:
p.43]
The Imperial Circle of the Upper
Saxony:
- % Anhalt;
Outside Imperial Circles:
- Jever;
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